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William Adolph Baillie Grohman (1851–1921) was an Anglo-Austrian author of works on the Tyrol and the history of hunting, a big game sportsman, and a Kootenay pioneer. ==Biography== Grohmann was born in 1851 in Gmunden. He spent much of his youth in Tyrol in Austria, and could speak Tyrolese dialect like a native. His early years were spent at the Schloss von St. Wolfgang which had a famous garden. In 1873 his mother, bought the semi-derelict Schloss Matzen in the Tyrol, near the branch of the Zillertal and the Inn Valley. As a young man he roamed out from the family castle to hunt chamois and deer in the surrounding high alps, wandering for days through the still-remote Tyrolese mountain villages. His two earliest books, ''Tyrol & the Tyrolese'' (1876) and ''Gaddings with a Primitive People (1878)'', provide a rare first-hand insight into Tyrolese folk customs and the austere, isolated existence of pre-industrial Alpine village communities. He was an expert mountaineer and made the first winter ascent of the Großglockner, the highest mountain in Austria (3798m), on 2 January 1875, and was a member of the Alpine Club. He is credited as being one of the first to introduce skis to the Tyrol, having previously encountered their use at his father in law's hunting lodge in Norway. A crack shot and a passionate big-game hunter, he travelled out to the American West many times the 1870s and 1880s to shoot big game when the Rockies and mountain states were opening up to sportsmen. His book ''Camps in the Rockies'' (1882) gives an account of his travels though Wyoming and Idaho, both as a "topshelfer" (a rich comfort-laden sportsman) and later on – more to his boyhood taste of stalking with Tyrolean mountain huntsmen – roughing it with trappers and native Americans. Although written in a style of detached amusement to titillate armchair Victorian readers, this work, like his earlier books about the Tyrolese, has careful and sympathetic passages on American Indian and local customs, and gives a valuable first-hand account of the American and Canadian West just before and after the arrival of the railway. He ranged widely over the Pacific Slope and the Central Rockies and explored new ranges in the Selkirks. In 1885 Baillie Grohman married Florence Nickalls, sister of the rowers Guy Nickalls and Vivian Nickalls. They were children of Tom Nickalls, a London stockbroker known as the "Erie King" from his many coups in American railway shares. Baillie Grohman's eldest son, Harold Tom, had a distinguished career in the Royal Navy, commanding the battleship HMS ''Ramillies'' at the start of the Second World War, to end his days as Vice-Admiral H.T. Baillie Grohman, CB, DSO, OBE. His daughter, Mrs. Olga Watkins, became a pioneer in Kenya and the first female Member of the Legislative Council (MLC), a seat held until her death in 1947. Baillie Grohman liked the new country he found so much that he returned to British Columbia in the 1880s as a pioneer, investing through the Kootenay Company Ltd, a London registered company which obtained a concession of to develop the Upper and Lower Kootenay valleys. He wrote a number of articles for British Magazines promoting the possibilities of British Columbia. In his youth he had seen how the embankment of the Inn River in the lower Inntal had turned unproductive flood land into profitable farmland and so envisaged that a similar control of the Kootenay River and a lowering of the water levels of the Kootenay Lake would create large areas of fertile farmland. This plan was thwarted by political pressure from the Canadian Pacific Railway and others, who managed ultimately to get the concession revoked and awarded to rival interests. Probably his impatient and untactful temperament and privileged background was not well suited to the political manoeuvring needed to mollify the Provincial Colonial Administration and counter the machinations of competing American Syndicates. Before the concession was revoked the Kootenay Company was held to one of the conditions of its grant – that they must build a canal to connect the Columbia River and Kootenay. The canal took a massive investment and because of the Railway, was pointless (only two ships ever used it) and the project failed. It is now a Historic site at Canal Flats, British Columbia. Grohmann lived some time in Victoria, British Columbia, negotiating the concession with the government of BC, and then in the Kootenay, opening the first steam sawmill in the region. His account of his time in BC ''Fifteen Years' Sport and Life in the Hunting Grounds of Western America and British Columbia'' (1900) describes his time pioneering, and also has accounts of hunting the rare white Rocky mountain "antelope goat", known then as "Haplocerus Montanus" but now assigned the Linnaean name of Oreamnos americanus, along with many other types of game. His later works include successful works on the history of the Tyrol (by then an increasingly popular destination for English tourists); ''Tyrol, The Land in the Mountains'' (1907) and ''Tyrol'' (1908) as well as a guidebook to his own castle ''Schloß Matzen im Unterinntal: Kurze geschichtlich'' (1908). A passionate collector, he amassed a large collection of furniture and European sporting art (his collection of sporting prints was sold at a special sale at Sotheby's in 1923) and in his later years he developed an erudite interest in the history and art of sport, building up an extensive library on hunting and game animals, including early ecological studies along with early treatises on hunting in many different European languages. Assisted by his wife, Florence, he produced a lavishly illustrated and authoritative edition of the ''The Master of Game'' (1904), the second oldest English book on hunting, a translation (from the French ''Livre de Chasse'' 1387 from Gaston Phébus) by Edward of Norwich, 2nd Duke of York. This has a forward by his friend and later US president Teddy Roosevelt, also an avid hunter. His book on early depictions of hunting ''Sport in art, An iconography of sport'' (1913) remains a definitive work on the subject, written with a unique combination of both field and historical learning. An edition of Maximillian I of Austria's ''Das Jagdbuch Kaiser Maximillians I'' (1901) with Dr Mayr is also of interest for early game ecology. As well as writing authoring 11 books, he published numerous articles in contemporary magazines on both historical and travel subjects. He died in 1921. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「William Adolf Baillie Grohman」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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